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For the Khmer Rouge term, see New People. Old age refers to ages nearing or surpassing the life expectancy of human beings, and is thus the end of the human life cycle. In October 2. 01. The organic process of ageing is called senescence. Most developed- world countries have accepted the chronological age of 6. The United Nations has agreed that 6. However, for its study of old age in Africa, the World Health Organization (WHO) set 5. At the same time, the WHO recognized that the developing world often defines old age, not by years, but by new roles, loss of previous roles, or inability to make active contributions to society. In developed countries, most people in their 6. One study distinguishes the young old (6. In British English, the . The distinguishing marks of old age normally occur in all five senses at different times and different rates for different persons. For example, people may be considered old when they become grandparents or when they begin to do less or different work in retirement. It implies that the person being referred to is retired. Synonyms include old age pensioner or pensioner in British English, and retiree and senior in American English. Some dictionaries describe widespread use of . Especially in less formal contexts, it is often abbreviated as . The age at which these discounts are available vary between 5. In governmental contexts it is usually associated with an age at which pensions or medical benefits for the elderly become available. In commercial contexts, where it may serve as a marketing device to attract customers, the age is often significantly lower. Also, they occur at different rates and order for different people. Old bones are marked by . Some older persons have at least one chronic condition and many have multiple conditions. In 2. 00. 7- 2. 00. United States were uncontrolled hypertension (3. May have less saliva and less ability for oral hygiene in old age which increases the chance of tooth decay and infection. About 4. 0% of the time, old age is marked by digestive disorders such as difficulty in swallowing, inability to eat enough and to absorb nutrition, constipation and bleeding. It is more common in the elderly and symptoms worsen with age. Speed with which an individual reads and the ability to locate objects may also be impaired. Old age spells risk for injury from falls that might not cause injury to a younger person. Some aspects of gait normally change with old age. Gait velocity slows after age 7. Double stance time (i. Because of gait change, old people sometimes appear to be walking on ice. By age 7. 5 and older, 4. Of the 2. 6. 7 million people over age 5. In addition, atherosclerosis can constrict blood flow. Less efficient immune function (Immunosenescence) is a mark of old age. This inability to get around has serious . Food becomes less appealing and nutrition can suffer. In old age, vocal cords weaken and vibrate more slowly. This results in a weakened, breathy voice that is sometimes called an . In spite the stressfulness of old age, they are described as . This antipathy toward . When people are prejudiced against the elderly and then become old themselves, their anti- elderly prejudice turns inward, causing depression. The fear persists in spite of the fact that old people are victims of crime less often than younger people. It takes more time to learn new information. Its prevalence increases in old age from about 1. Demented behavior can include wandering, physical aggression, verbal outbursts, depression, and psychosis. In her The Denial of Aging, Dr. Gillick, a baby boomer, accuses her contemporaries of believing that by proper exercise and diet they can avoid the scourges of old age and proceed from middle age to death. These discourses take part in a general idea of successful ageing. However, at about age 8. In contrast, perceptions of old age by writers 8. The scribe addressed God with a prayer of lament: ! Oldness has come; old age has descended. Feebleness has arrived; dotage is here anew. The heart sleeps wearily every day. The eyes are weak, the ears are deaf, the strength is disappearing because of weariness of the heart and the mouth is silent and cannot speak. The heart is forgetful and cannot recall yesterday. The bone suffers old age. What old age does to men is evil in every respect. It always has, it always will. Morrison delineates the heroism required by old age: to live through the disintegration of one. One interviewee described living in old age as . Old age was reckoned as one of the unanswerable . The general understanding is that those who lived into their 4. In contrast, those who were frail were seen as a burden and ignored or in extreme cases killed. In his Ethics, he wrote that . The priests assure them that . Rather than condemn the practice, Bishop Guevara called it a . On set #1, write your 5 most enjoyed activities; on set #2, write your 5 most valued possessions; on set #3, write your 5 most loved people. However, they add that physicians recognize frailty when they see it. One study placed the incidence of frailty for ages 6. The study calls these years the . People in their 7. This deterioration is gradual for some and precipitous for others. Frailty is marked by an array of chronic physical and mental problems which means that frailty is not treatable as a specific disease. These problems coupled with increased dependency in the basic activities of daily living (ADLs) required for personal care add emotional problems: depression and anxiety. In talking with 8. Such erroneous conceptions include (1) people in old age have a least one family member for support, (2) old age well- being requires social activity, and (3) . In their interviews, Johnson and Barer found that 2. Second, that contrary to popular notions, the interviews revealed that the reduced activity and socializing of the over 8. Medical advances have made it possible to . This added time costs many frail people . The frail are vulnerable to . Almost 2. 0% of the people wanted to use whatever treatment that might postpone death. About the same number said that, given a terminal illness, they would choose assisted suicide. Roughly half chose doing nothing except live day by day until death comes naturally without medical or other intervention designed to prolong life. This choice was coupled with a desire to receive palliative care if needed. Most of the interviewees did not fear death; some would welcome it. Some wanted to die in their sleep; others wanted to die . Their fear about the process of dying was that it would prolong their distress. Besides being a release from misery, some saw death as a way to reunion with departed loved ones. Others saw death as a way to free their caretakers from the burden of their care. For all 6. 5+ people, more women (7. This compares to 5. By 2. 00. 0, the number of senior citizens had increased to about 3. US citizens). Population experts estimate that more than 5. Americans. When the United States Social Security program was created, persons older than 6. Other issues that can arise from an increasing population are growing demands for health care and an increase in demand for different types of services. He characterises old age as a period of . Those who are unsuccessful during this phase will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets. The individual will be left with feelings of bitterness and despair. Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death. The way a person adapts and copes, reflects his aging process on a psycho- social level. Elderhood refers to those individuals who live past the life expectancy of their birth cohorts. There are two different types of people described in this stage of life. This period of life is characterized as a period of . Extinction refers to feeling as if life has no purpose. This theory proposes that in old age a mutual disengagement between people and their society occurs in anticipation of death. By becoming disengaged from work and family responsibilities, according to this concept, people are enabled to enjoy their old age without stress. This theory has been subjected to the criticism that old age disengagement is neither natural, inevitable, nor beneficial. This theory has been faulted for not factoring in psychological changes that occur in old age as shown by reduced activity even when available. It has also been found that happiness in old age is not proportional to activity. The focus of this theory is continuity sustained by social networks, albeit networks narrowed by choice and by circumstances. The choice is for more harmonious relationships. The circumstances are loss of relationships by death and distance. Low values indicate high death rates for infants and children. Up to that time (and still true in underdeveloped countries), five or less percent of the population was over 6. Few lived longer than their 7. The worldwide over 6. By 2. 01. 3, the over 6. The over 6. 5 population is projected to double the under five by 2. If a person lived to an advanced age, it was due to genetic factors and/or a relatively easy lifestyle, since diseases of old age could not be treated before the 2. Full retirement age for Social Security benefits for people retiring in 2. The 2. 00. 7 gender breakdown for all people 6. When they reached age 8. The subjects were ambivalent regarding the use of the assistive devices: as . Those who see them as symbols of disability reject them. Projections place this number at 2. Americans over 7. There is the home care in which a family member, volunteer, or trained professional will aid the person in need and help with daily activities. Another option is community services which can provide the person with transportation, meal plans, or activities in senior centers. A third option is assisted living where 2.
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